In 2011, news began to circulate that the world's last typewriter factory had closed. That news was quickly denied, but at the same time conflicts arose over manual typewriters and their electric sisters. The point is that they are no longer seen in action as often, except in very official settings, or where bureaucracy refuses to modernize. However, that doesn't take away from their merit, quite the opposite. Typewriters are fascinating tools, demanding the best from us in terms of maintenance... and some are very beautiful.

It is also worth studying how they work. For example, the IBM Selectric is a very particular beast, with its ball-shaped head, and a preliminary version of digital-analog converters. Another very interesting case is Keaton's typewriter, a variant specially designed for writing music. And then we find ultra-modern versions like the Freewrite (ex Hemingwrite), with a price that is hard to justify today.

Today's proposal is to travel to an era that had typewriters as absolute queens in offices, factories, schools, and homes. Some of the models you will see below date back to the mid-19th century. Others were very common and popular during the '60s, and finally the occasional prototype appears...

Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Christine James, secretary and beauty queen of Ramsgate. March 1965. (Peter Powell/Express/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A commercial machine from 1867. Photo from June 1923. (Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Secretaries in full transcription, 1960. (Evening Standard/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A disabled woman writes with a device on her head, 1951. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Futuristic model at the Business Efficiency Exhibition, October 1971. (Mike Lawn/Fox Photos/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
An Underwood machine, September 1931. (Sasha/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Corona machine with English keyboard, 1930 (Chaloner Woods/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Outdoor class in Clacton, during World War II. May 9, 1940. (Parker/Fox Photos/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A beautiful Royal machine. March 11, 1966 (Chaloner Woods/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Actress Edna May as Lilian Leigh in the play "The School Girl", 1903 (Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A wide range of Adler machines for sale at Typewriter Sundries, London. 1960. (Evening Standard/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Typing class in Buckinghamshire, December 1935. (David Savill/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A Remington machine, model 1873. Photo from January 16, 1962. (Fox Photos/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A Remington Standard from 1922. Photo from January 16, 1962 (Fox Photos/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A Remington International, model 1961. Photo from January 16, 1962 (Fox Photos/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Two women working in an outdoor pool, summer 1937 (Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Birdie Reeve Kay, at 16 years old. One of the fastest typists of the era. 1923. (Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A prototype from 1866. Photo from June 1923. (Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A complete team of technicians evaluating machines before leaving the factory. 1937. (London Express/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A typewriter for Braille, 1955 (Evans/Three Lions/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Students at a typing school, 1955 (George Pickow/Three Lions/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Actress Leonora Bonda in the play "The Churchmouse". April 28, 1931. (Sasha/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A secretary in full session, 1953 (Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A woman writing near a broken window, 1940 (London Express/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A secretary at a fair in Skegness with a chimpanzee named Togo. May 22, 1937. (J. Wilds/Fox Photos/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
A technician at the Olivetti factory in Glasgow, assembling a machine. August 20, 1955. (Haywood Magee/Picture Post/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
The interior of the British Civil Service headquarters in Ireland, destroyed by the Dublin Brigade of the ERI. April 1921. (Walshe/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
An Underwood-Elliot Fisher Sundstrand "accounting machine". 1935. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
Businessman in full session. United States, 1950. (George Marks/Retrofile/Getty Images)
Before Computers: A World of Typewriters (Gallery)
The beautiful hands of a lady on a machine. United States, 1950. (George Marks/Retrofile/Getty Images)