Every developer has the power to define how to distribute their software. Some follow the freeware route, others prefer to share their source code using flexible licenses, and then there are those who adopt concepts like demo or trialware, setting time limits and secondary restrictions. The most extreme version is crippleware, which blocks essential functions and turns the application into a simple “digital paperweight”…
Shareware was one of the main mechanisms that allowed the distribution of free games and programs in the 80s and 90s. Classic titles like Wolfenstein and Doom were developed and shared under this category, multiplying their popularity even when they were reduced versions.
Other similar alternatives were donationware (donations), postcardware (sending postcards to the creator), and nagware (pop-ups and warnings to buy the product), but today they have mutated into the more conventional forms of freemium (which divides the program or service into “levels”) and adware (free software with advertising). However, there is also crippleware, probably the most nefarious variant of all.
Crippleware, or the Art of Crippling Software and Hardware
The formal definition of crippleware tells us about a software or service whose basic resources remain blocked during or after the trial period, until the user acquires the full version or enters a subscription scheme. An image editor that does not allow saving changes, injects watermarks, and/or limits the maximum resolution available qualifies as crippleware. The universe of mobile applications has abundant examples, but there are force majeure cases that have a similar effect to crippleware (e.g., restricted functions when the device does not enable root access).
The most interesting thing about crippleware is that it is not limited to software. There are also examples of cut hardware that manufacturers launched to differentiate their products and force the user to invest more money. A historical case is the Intel i486SX, which debuted with its floating point unit disabled (it was not a consequence of defects as believed for years). On the graphics side, I want to mention the GeForce GT 1030. Its original model uses GDDR5 memory, but Nvidia decided to lower its configuration to DDR4, keeping the same name.
Finally, it would be a mistake on my part not to talk about crippleware in automobiles. Tesla tried to monetize the range of its vehicles with software locks, and BMW has turned certain functions into DLCs that the user must purchase separately.
