JAXA launched the Martian Moons eXploration spacecraft (MMX) from Tanegashima Space Center at 04:41:03 JST on October 20, 2026, aboard H3 Launch Vehicle flight No. 10. About 71 minutes and 13 seconds later, JAXA confirmed that MMX had separated from the rocket and entered its predetermined orbit. JAXA’s launch-result notice records the launch and orbit insertion.
NeoTeo previously covered JAXA’s planned October 20 launch. The agency has now confirmed the liftoff and the spacecraft’s initial orbit insertion.
Early spacecraft status
Ars Technica reported that MMX contacted ground controllers and deployed its solar panels after separation. The outlet attributed the description of the spacecraft as being in stable condition to JAXA project manager Yasuhiro Kawakatsu.
What MMX plans to learn at Phobos
MMX is designed to study both of Mars’s moons, Phobos and Deimos, and collect material from Phobos for return to Earth. Scientists are investigating whether Phobos is a captured asteroid or material left by an ancient impact on Mars. NASA scientist Tom Statler has described both as possible explanations. The moons’ near-circular orbits aligned with Mars’s equator are consistent with the impact-debris theory.
Ars Technica reported that MMX aims to collect at least 10 grams of Phobos material using a coring drill and a NASA-provided pneumatic sampler. The mission plan includes up to two landing attempts on Phobos in 2029.
The next planned milestones
Ars Technica reported an expected arrival in the Mars system in August 2027. The French-German Idefix rover is planned for deployment on Phobos in late 2028 or early 2029, with operations there lasting up to 100 days. The spacecraft is expected to leave Phobos in 2030, and its sample-return capsule is planned to land in South Australia in 2031.
